Cyclic Universe

The problem with a cyclic universe is that just like a rubber ball bouncing on earth, each bounce of a cyclic universe must get smaller and smaller "DUE TO RELENTLESS PROGRESS OF ENTROPY"

"As the rightly say there is no free lunch"

Entropy wins every time!

I feel as if I am a small boy holding but a teaspoon of knowledge standing before the Infinity Ocean of all knowledge

G'day from the land of of ozzz

The key to the cyclic process is understanding compact matter and the process of producing jets that eject matter. This process plays an important part in the cyclic process and the evolution of the different forms of galaxies.

The process of Neutron compaction via the Z-pinch may also play a key part.

Smile and live another day

"The process of Neutron compaction via the Z-pinch may also play a key part".

Speculation but maybe good speculation!



I feel as if I am a small boy holding but a teaspoon of knowledge standing before the Infinity Ocean of all knowledge

G'day from the land of ozzzz

Alan said:
<blockquote id="quote"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" id="quote">quote:<hr height="1" noshade id="quote">"The process of Neutron compaction via the Z-pinch may also play a key part".
Speculation but maybe good speculation!<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"></blockquote id="quote"></font id="quote">

This is interesting reading
flux.aps.org/meetings/YR03/DPP03/baps/abs/S2330.html#SUO1.003

Session UO1 - Space and Astrophysical Plasmas, and Gas-Puff Z-pinch Experiments.
ORAL session, Friday morning, October 31
Galisteo/Aztec, ACC

flux.aps.org/meetings/YR04/DPP04/baps/abs/S400.html
Session CM1 - Mini-conference on Astrophysical Jets I.
ORAL session, Monday afternoon, November 15
Room 100/101, SCC


The Magnetospheric Eternally Collapsing Object (MECO) Model of Galactic Black Ho

adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ndbh.book....1R

Authors:
Robertson, Stanley L.; Leiter, Darryl J.

Publication Date:
00/2006 Origin: ADS


<blockquote id="quote"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" id="quote">quote:<hr height="1" noshade id="quote">Abstract
The spectral, timing, and jet formation properties of neutron stars in low mass x-ray binary systems are influenced by the presence of central magnetic moments. Similar features shown by the galactic black hole candidates (GBHC) strongly suggest that their compact cores might be intrinsically magnetic as well. We show that the existence of intrinsically magnetic GBHC is consistent with a new class of solutions of the Einstein field equations of General Relativity. These solutions are based on a strict adherence to the Strong Principle of Equivalence (SPOE) requirement that the world lines of physical matter must remain timelike in all regions of spacetime. The new solutions emerge when the structure and radiation transfer properties of the energy momentum tensor on the right hand side of the Einstein field equations are appropriately chosen to dynamically enforce this SPOE requirement of timelike world line completeness. In this context, we find that the Einstein field equations allow the existence of highly red shifted, Magnetospheric, Eternally Collapsing Objects (MECO). MECO necessarily possess intrinsic magnetic moments and they do not have trapped surfaces that lead to event horizons and curvature singularities. Their most striking features are equipartition magnetic fields, pair plasma atmospheres and extreme gravitational redshifts. Since MECO lifetimes are orders of magnitude greater than a Hubble time, they provide an elegant and unified framework for understanding a broad range of observations of GBHC and active galactic nuclei. We examine their spectral, timing and jet formation properties and discuss characteristics that might lead to their confirmation.<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"></blockquote id="quote"></font id="quote">






Smile and live another day

G'day from the land of ozz

In 1998 Marscher, A. P. wrote this paper with interesting questions.

Cosmic Jets
adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998AAS...192.4503M

American Astronomical Society, 192nd AAS Meeting, #45.03; Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 30, p.876

<blockquote id="quote"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" id="quote">quote:<hr height="1" noshade id="quote">Abstract
Cosmic jets are among the most spectacular dynamical phenomena in the universe. Although jets can be found emanating from the cores of quasars and other active galactic nuclei, compact binary star systems in our Galaxy, and even regions of star formation, we do not yet understand fully how nature creates such high-energy, high-speed flows that are so well focused. Current models involving magnetized winds accelerating along the rotational poles of disks of hot gas falling toward a black hole, neutron star, or star are difficult to test because the site where most of the "action" occurs cannot be resolved by current instruments. I will present images and other observations of cosmic jets that illustrate our current state of both knowledge and ignorance about these fascinating structures. I will then focus on the major outstanding theoretical issues: How does a system in which most of the matter is falling inward generate an energetic outflow in the form of well-focused jets? How is the material in the jet energized at the base of the jet and re-energized downstream from time to time? How are flow speeds of up to - and perhaps exceeding - 99.9% the speed of light attained in the jets? How are individual particles accelerated to such high energies that they emit very-high energy gamma-rays? What causes the rapid changes in brightness that seem to indicate extraordinarily high energy densities of both photons and particles? I will discuss the prospects of answering these questions within the next ten years through observations with current and future NASA missions coupled with ground-based instruments. For example, SIRTF will explore with unprecedented sensitivity the spectral region (infrared) where most of the luminosity of the direct radiation from jets is emitted, while GLAST and ground-based Cherenkov detectors such as VERITAS will measure the bulk of the scattered emission. AXAF and XMM will explore the X-ray emitting regions with unprecedented spatial and spectral resolution, while a mm-wave space VLBI mission currently in the concept phase would provide images of jets closer to the ultimate energy source than has been possible previously. These, combined with advances in computational theoretical astrophysics, should answer the above questions and, as usual, raise new ones. <hr height="1" noshade id="quote"></blockquote id="quote"></font id="quote">



Smile and live another day

G'day from the land of ozzzzzz

These are some links on the topic of Z-Pinch

High Yield Argon Z-pinch Results with a Large Diameter Nozzle
adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AIPC..808..173L

Relativistic Jets from Accretion Disks
adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Ap%26SS.298..115L

Theory and Simulations of the Origin of Astrophysical Jets
adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004APS..DPPCM1004L

The Past, Present and Future of Z-pinches
adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999APS..DPP.GT101H

Generation of cosmic rays in plasma pinches.
adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990SvJPP..16..841V

The more I read on this topic, The Z-Pinch provides the Mechanism to produce Neutrons, compact them and the drive to produce the Jet at varies speeds approaching 99.9% speed of light.

There are other models based on Gravitation, thermal expansion and so on, but! non can produce all the traits.

Knowing this a Black hole does not necessarily need to form. A Cyclic process can explain the matter going into a compact core such as the so called black hole and matter being ejected from the core.




Smile and live another day