I could not get past all that jargon ... but ...
MY view is that there exists a Euclidean reference frame (the alpha field) into which is embedded sperical reference frames (beta fields) which surround each particle of matter and simply denote distance and direction. Because they exist relative to the rectangular coordinate system, they must affect it and do so by curving that Euclidean space while they themselves are somewhat straightened out.
Initially the rectangular frame has "0" tension and will not support wave propagation. But with the insertion of the shperical reference frames, the alpha field lines must stretch to accomodate them (like making many small folds in the outherwise flat Euclidean frame). It now possesses "unit tension" and will support wave propgation at "unit velocity".
As gravity (the cause of which needn't be gone into here) causes matter to "clump" together, empty space is left which forms another gradient down which matter might be pushed because putting matter into clumps relieves the field tension (to less than unit tension) ... something like lessoning the tension in a rubber band.
Hence, there is a force compliment to gravity which pushes matter down the gradient IN ADDITION to gravity. It pressures galaxies to occupy smaller volumes at higher than expected velocities (like compressing a gas) and causes the stars on the boundary of elliptical galaxies to have increased speeds by angular momentum conservation. The pressure is most at the edge and least in the center where it is symmetrically cancelled.
Voids form expelling all matter from within them unless it is situated right in the center of the void in which case the pressure to force it out is balanced in all directions. The pressure forcing matter out on this scale it that which causes the observed expansion of the galaxies. Thus, gravity is the concommitent cause of the expansion. As matter goes down in clumps it also goes out in clusters of galaxies. This is why the "Q" value is so close to "1". If gravity slowed, so would the expansion and vice versa for speeding up. Gravity produces just enough expansion in the universe to keep it from collapsing again.
I conjecture that the fine structure constant (1/137) is the present degree to which light speed has slowed due to the alpha field tension being relieved (which is why I call it the alpha field). The tension is composed ot magnetic permeability (its ability to twist) and electric permittivity (its ability to compress). The radial fields surrounding matter I call "beta" (e/P mass ratio) because they delimit the mass of the particle.
Further, the slowing of light speed would account for the Type IA supernovae which are out of place unless the universe were much larger. To calculate the discrepancy, the speed of light was considered constant while the Hubble constant was considered to be accelerating. But one could as well conjecture that the speed of light lessoned and the Hubble constant remained constant.
More info at
www.ebtx.com/ntx/accelexp.htm
Sorry for the long post.
