What was wrong with Dingle?

Thank you, I will be asking more questions next Monday, but for the weekend, I'm going to rest.

Emission Theory:the speed of light c relative to the source instead of relative to the ether.

<blockquote id="quote"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" id="quote">quote:<hr height="1" noshade id="quote">

<i>Originally posted by tvanflandern</i>
<br /><i>Originally posted by ebg</i>
<br />How are the clocks compensated?
By rate adjustments. For example, if we expect a GPS satellite to speed up by 40,000 nanoseconds/day when it reaches its destination orbit, we slow it down by 40,000 ns/day before launch. Then after launch, the orbiting clock runs at the same rate as a ground clock.<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"></blockquote id="quote"></font id="quote">

Tom, That's interesting; can you actually adjust a clock by 40,000 nanoseconds? Obviously the answer must be yes. However, I get a mental image..."OK Tom...I have it all set, when I say NOW! you press the start button! But seriously; how are you able to verify a 40,000 nanosecond difference between two clocks per day? That would be 27.7777777778 nanoseconds per minute.
thebobgy

<blockquote id="quote"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" id="quote">quote:<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"><i>Originally posted by ebg</i>
<br />Emission Theory:the speed of light c relative to the source instead of relative to the ether.<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"></blockquote id="quote"></font id="quote">In LR, the speed of light is always relative to the aether. However, aether is not a single, universal frame because it is controlled by gravity. So the light starts out with a speed relative to the source star's aether, transitions to a speed relative to interstellar aether, and finally transitions to a speed relative to Sun-controlled, then Earth-controlled aether.

That explains why aberration is different for each of these cases. -|Tom|-

<blockquote id="quote"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" id="quote">quote:<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"><i>Originally posted by thebobgy</i>
<br />can you actually adjust a clock by 40,000 nanoseconds?<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"></blockquote id="quote"></font id="quote">"One second" is a man-made length, not one given by nature. So we adjust all clocks -- mechanical, chemical, biological, crystalographic, atomic, or old-fashioned hour glasses -- so that whatever process runs them gives a readout in useful man-made units.

Atomic clocks such as those on board GPS satellites count certain types of atomic transitions that occur at a rate of about 10 billion per second. To change the rate of a clock, we just change the counter that tells it how many transitions make one second. -|Tom|-

<blockquote id="quote"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" id="quote">quote:<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"><i>Originally posted by tvanflandern</i>
<br /><blockquote id="quote"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" id="quote">quote:<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"><i>Originally posted by thebobgy</i>
<br />can you actually adjust a clock by 40,000 nanoseconds?<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"></blockquote id="quote"></font id="quote">
Atomic clocks such as those on board GPS satellites count certain types of atomic transitions that occur at a rate of about 10 billion per second. To change the rate of a clock, we just change the counter that tells it how many transitions make one second. -|Tom|-<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"></blockquote id="quote"></font id="quote">
Tom, I already answered that question; "...can you actually adjust a clock by 40,000 nanoseconds? [my answer was] Obviously the answer must be yes." My question to you was, "...how are you able to verify a 40,000 nanosecond difference between two clocks per day?" Now you have added another question. A nanosecond is 1 billionth of a second and that atomic transitions occur at the rate of 10 billion per second. 40,000 nanoseconds then, would be 40,000 billion which would be an adjustment of 10 times more than the speed of the clock. Therefore I will rephrase my questions; 1. How much of an adjustment was made to the satellite clock? And, 2. How do you verify even a 10 billion nanosecond difference between two clocks? I understand how the adjustment is made, I would like to know how the adjustment is verified and I assume there is more than one clock in orbit doing GPS. Thank you.
thebobgy

<blockquote id="quote"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" id="quote">quote:<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"><i>Originally posted by thebobgy</i>
<br />"...how are you able to verify a 40,000 nanosecond difference between two clocks per day?"<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"></blockquote id="quote"></font id="quote">An atomic clock gives time with a precision of better than a billionth of a second. To verify a rate difference between two clocks, just read both clocks at two different times and observe what difference has accumulated.

<blockquote id="quote"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" id="quote">quote:<hr height="1" noshade id="quote">1. How much of an adjustment was made to the satellite clock?<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"></blockquote id="quote"></font id="quote">38,700 ns/day, give or take a few ns/day depending on the satellite's orbit. (See metaresearch.org/cosmology/gravity/vanflandern.ppt )

<blockquote id="quote"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" id="quote">quote:<hr height="1" noshade id="quote">2. How do you verify even a 10 billion nanosecond difference between two clocks? I understand how the adjustment is made, I would like to know how the adjustment is verified and I assume there is more than one clock in orbit doing GPS.<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"></blockquote id="quote"></font id="quote">The same way the rate of any clock is checked -- by reading it, waiting, then reading it again. Read-outs are good to a precision of better than one billionth of a second.

In practice, the clocks transmit a carrier wave with some high frequency. Let's say for simplicuty that it is a gigahertz wave (a billion cycles per second), which is a typical radio frequency. Then one just needs to count wave crests in that carrier wave to know the clock reading at any one of them to a billionth of a second. -|Tom|-