The entropy of systems

<blockquote id="quote"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" id="quote">quote:<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"><i>Originally posted by Jim</i>
<br />GD, The article you referenced said more info will be available in a future issue of AJ-do you know if the AJ article has been published and what at what date? <hr height="1" noshade id="quote"></blockquote id="quote"></font id="quote">

GD: Unfortunately, I have no idea when that issue was published. But I will try to find it.


<blockquote id="quote"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" id="quote">quote:<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"><i>Originally posted by Jim</i>
<br />According to observers tere are at least 50,000 galatic clusters known to be out there. And they say the cluster in the article will converge in 7by or so-is that right? If so how long after that do you figure the big bang will occur?
<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"></blockquote id="quote"></font id="quote">

It seems to me that 50,000 clusters is a small number for the whole universe. Nevertheless, this process is happening everywhere at the same time, and I have the impression the larger clusters attract the smaller ones at greater speeds as they increase in mass.
How long does it take to bring X clusters down to one as this process accelerates with time? I would approximate in the tens of billion years (not 100's)

There is a problem with this theory though: a universe which cycles between expansion and collapse would go against the second Law.
Maybe this law applies only to the contents of the universe, not the universe itself. (no energy could escape the universe.)

<blockquote id="quote"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" id="quote">quote:<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"><i>Originally posted by GD</i><br />
Unfortunately, I have no idea when that issue was published. But I will try to find it.
<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"></blockquote id="quote"></font id="quote">

Jim, I could not find the article, But I found recent articles on the subject:
www.esa.int/esaSC/SEMHOPNSP3F_index_0.html

The bullet cluster resembles to what I had posted earlier on this thread.
The speeds involved are different though: 3300 km/s vs 650 km/s!
(still at this scale, this should be quite slow)

GD, If you have 50,000 galatic clusters all converging on themselves and that process uses 7 billion years how do you get all the 50,000 clusters into one since they are so far apart? And how much time would be needed for that to happen? Or do you have 50,000 big bangs located at all the center points of the galatic clusters?

Hi Jim and GD, I read the article on the bullet cluster and saw the animation of the smaller cluster passing right through the larger cluster. Interesting graphics, but this is still just a collision of clusters and proves nothing in regards to a big bang theory of formation of a universe. Infact, I would say it shows more elegance in a continuous balanced creation especially given the symmetries shown in the Halton Arp documentations of quasar cluster formations. If space is infinite it is impossible to form a singularity by forming an infinity within an infinity. Galactic cores produce antimatter induction, converting gravitational energy into jets and antigraviton radiations back towards reverse time. Energy is cycling and is not a blob bobbing around in space. John

I had a look on the web, and in short this is what our universe apparently looks like:

-125 billion galaxies.

-These are grouped in 50- 1000 galaxy clusters (and size increasing with time - I guess)

-These clusters are also grouped in super clusters, and there are approximately 10 million super clusters.

- These super clusters are also grouped and form filaments:
"In 2006, scientists announced the discovery of three filaments aligned to form the largest structure known to humankind, composed of densely-packed galaxies and enormous blobs of gas known as Lyman alpha blobs..." "These LABs form a structure which is more than 200 million light-years in extent..."

Also I found that clustering of galaxies started approximately 10 billion years ago... (but I think, the merging of matter has always been!)

"...The total amount of matter in the universe (including baryons and dark matter), as measured by the CMB, accounts for only about 30% of the critical density. This implies the existence of an additional form of energy to account for the remaining 70%. <i>The most recent WMAP observations are consistent with a universe made up of 74% dark energy, 22% dark matter, and 4% ordinary matter</i>..."

How would Gamow explain this dark energy? according to him, all matter (I would say energy) was accounted for and its form (of energy) would vary with temperature. Therefore I would say that dark energy is the entropy we are looking for: It is energy which has been spent and which cannot be re-used (not until the next big bang).

So... 74% dark energy, 22% dark matter, & 4% ordinary matter...
How are these proportions going to change in the next 10 billion years?

Jim, if I read the AJ article correctly, it says that the two clusters will have merged within 7 billion years. But I am assuming this process increases with time: 1/10 less clusters in 10 billion years, of which: 1/8 less in 20By, of which: 1/4 less in 30By... and so on... until 2 are left. By then the speed at which they would converge towards one another would be almost light speed... culminating into the next big bang.

If on the other hand, the speed at which clusters collide do not increase with time, then this theory is entirely false.

GD, There is no convergence if anything everything is in an accelerated expansion according to Big Bang theory. The Universe is in continuous creation, space is infinite, there is no boundary out there with a stop sign saying this is the end of the Universe. Singularities do not exist, so as far as I am concerned there is no cause for a collapsing of UNIVERSE because....of antimatter. Infact, take a look at the data regarding dark matter being antimatter clouds from black hole jets moving away from the cores of galaxies causing expansion between galaxies. Good luck on figuring out the size of the Universe. John