'Edge' of the Universe

[LB] "I try to visualize what we might see when we look at a hydrogen atom floating in the elysium ocean by imagining:

*) a one planet solar system (with a Sol-sized star)
*) filled with small balls instead of empty space."

[kcody] "At first impression, this can't work. A solar system full of soccer balls would produce a resistance to any planet (electron) moving through it, presumably to the point of actually stopping it in its tracks. It would seem that the balls can't be in contact."

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Remember that my "solar system" is a visualization, not a real thing. And at this early point it is not a model for ALL aspects of the interface between a hydrogen atom and the elysium. If elysons (and the elysium) exist then they must have properties such that atoms and groups of atoms (like a star) can move through the elysium without experiencing any detectable drag from our point of view.

[kcody] "- AFTERTHOUGHT -

Right. It does work if you assume each soccer ball has some kinetic energy, ricocheting off its neighbors often enough to enforce a fairly even amount of space between them. The balls being in contact is solid-ish, the reality must be liquid-ish."

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And in liquids the particles are also in constant contact. But the nature of that contact is different than in a solid because there are different forces at play.

Keep in mind that as scale changes we are likely to see behavioral changes in what we might otherwise want to call a liquid or a solid or a gas. The nature of contact between particles at scale -20 does not have to be exactly like the nature of contact between particles at scale -10.

LB

BTW - if TVF's size estimate for elysons (scale -20) is correct then the balls in my solar system analogy are more like asteroids than soccer balls when compared to a Sol sized nucleus.

[LB] "As we approach the proton we would notice that elysons crowd each other more than they did farther away. As we approach the electron we notice that elysons are crowding each other less than they did farther away."

[kcody] "This implies that the proton has an elysium-attractive property that a neutron lacks, and that the electron has an elysium-repulsive property."

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Yes.

Athough much of this is still being worked out at the theory level, Dr. Van Flandern describes what is known about these things in detail in his various articles and in his book. I can summarize some parts of it but if you need more detail (and I can't imaging you won't), go to the source.


According to MM, the elysium atmosphere/ocean around a proton is thicker than elysium in open space. And the elysium ocean/atmosphere around an electron is thinner than elysium in open space. (By open space I mean locations very far away from a proton or electron. These variations in elysium density are driven by gravitational force.

As we have explored nature we have found that density is inversely proportional to scale. In general, density and scale are inverse functions. When we look at the universe around us we see: ===

Note also that matter density and optical density are related but not equivalent. In general optical density, roughly the same thing as index of refraction, goes up as matter density goes up, but not by the same proportion.

Example - glass in general has a much higher matter density than air. The optical density of glass is generally also higher than air but not in anything like a linear proportion. And small variations in the composition of glass can radically raise or lower the optical density of glass with almost no change in its matter density.

The point is that small changes in matter density can cause large, medium or small changes in optical behavior.

And optical behavior is what the elysium is all about. At least as far as gravity is concerned.

LB

Elysium Behavior Near a Proton

Because a proton is more dense than a planet, it will absorb a larger percentage of the gravitons that pass its way. And that means it will have a larger surface gravity (in a relative sense).

Sol's surface gravity is about 28 g. If a proton were scaled up to be the same size as Sol, then the proton's surface gravity would be substantially more than 28 g because of the higher density.

Scale the proton back down to its actual size and visualize the nearby elysons being crowded together by this rather large (in the relative sense) g field. Two protons would have trouble approaching each other because of the high "pressure" elysium surrounding each of them. At our scale we see positive charges repelling each other, and speculate about a repulsive force field of some sort ...

LB

Elysium Behavior Near an Electron

The situation with electrons is similar in many ways, but with a twist.

Up to now we have been dealing with normal (as in 'it behaves normally') gravitational force fields. And in all cases this force arises as a result of a small imbalance between the number of gravitons that arrive from "above"* and the number of gravitons that arrive from "below"*.

And that imbalance is indeed small. TVF estimates that it is about 1 in 100,000,000 to produce Earth's surface gravity of 1 g. Assuming an approximately linear relationship, I estimate that Sol's surface gravity is the result of an imbalance of about 28 in 100,000,000 gravitons.

We know that protons must absorb-and/or-scatter a larger percentage of gravitons to produce their higher surface gravity. So it makes sense that electrons, being smaller (and therefore more dense) than protons, should absorb-and/or-scatter even more gravitons. But here is where the twist comes in. As the matter density of an object increases relatively more gravitons are absorbed - and the absorbing body gains more heat relative to a less dense body. (Heat at this scale ought to be analogous to heat at our scale, but caused by vibrations in whatever the proton or electron is built of, rather than by atom and molecule vibrations.) Most gravitons still pass through without contact, but the scattered gravitons pick up some of this heat energy and leave the hot electron with more energy than they arrived with.

This tips the force imbalance in the opposite direction so that electrons have a strong but *negative* surface gravity. Elysons are pushed away from an electron because reflected gravitons have more energy than incomming gravitons.

Elysium will therefore be thinner around an electron. Two electrons will have trouble approaching each other because each because of the interaction between their negative gravitational fields. At out scale we see negative charges repelling each other and speculate about a repulsive force field ...


Summary:
An electron is surrounded by a strong negative gravitational force field that drives an elysium low-pressure zone.
and a proton is surrounded by a strong positive gravitational force field that drives an elysium high-pressure zone.


LB
* (In the context of gravitational force, the words above and below make the most intuitive sense when talking about surface gravity. So if you start wondering which way is up while thinking about these things, imagine a situation where you are just above the surface of a large mass.)

Hmmm.

So what IS the difference between a neutron and a hydrogen atom? Both seem to be made from one proton and one electron.

LB

I have a question: When we look down-scale we see the periodic table of the elements. when we look up-scale do we observe anything similar at the galatic scale?